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(b) The biased feedback paradigm elicited a liberal shift in criterion (that is, more negative criterion values) over the course of the recognition test.
For example, positive feedback following a high confidence new response would result in a relatively small-positive PE and reinforce a modest conservative shift in criterion (Fig. 1b, top row).
For example, positive feedback following an item with low MS (that is, a high confidence new response) would result in a relatively large positive PE and thus reinforce a large conservative shift in criterion (Fig. 1c, top row).
The shift in criterion results in a shift in the sigmoidal curve relating response probability to stimulus coherence, reflecting an increase in the probability of responses in the direction of the more rewarded alternative.
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One sign is a shift in criteria by which local officials are evaluated: promotion now depends not just on meeting production or investment goals, but energy and environmental goals as well.
Thus, although criterion shifts likely influence the evaluation of true memories, it is likely that shifts in criterion simply have a larger and more detectable impact on more ambiguous memories like false alarms induced by the DRM procedure.
In a follow-up between-groups behavioural experiment, we used the logic of Fig. 1 to test the hypothesis that targeting false positive feedback to specific levels of confidence will result in either small or large PEs, which will in turn drive small or large shifts in criterion.
Such deviations produce interactions between Type II d′ and shifts in criterion (Evans & Azzopardi, 2007).
Similar to Wolfe et al. (2007), this manipulation increased the hit rate, but also increased the rate of potentially costly false alarms, suggesting that it produced a shift in decision criterion rather than an increase in sensitivity.
Because of our measure of low prevalence accuracy (hits minus false alarms), it is possible that observers rated high on the measures high prevalence performance, K, attentional control, vigilance, and introversion simply increased their hits more than their increase in false alarms, which could increase accuracy as a result of a shift in the criterion.
One of the reasons for the increase in commitments may be that there is a shift in dangerousness criteria medical doctors apply when ordering an emergency involuntary admission.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com