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This experimental design allowed to assess inhibitory deficits by measuring classical interference effects but also by measuring the ability to shift between tasks instructions.
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We think we are saving time and achieving wonders with multitasking but in fact, research shows that "even brief mental blocks created by shifting between tasks can cost as much as 40percentt of someone's productive time".
Its hypothesized presence would nonetheless be supportive of its specific role in "branching" control, allowing attention shifting between tasks [39].
The present findings raise the question whether recreational cocaine users also show impairments in other cognitive control functions, such as the shifting between tasks and mental sets, and the updating and monitoring of working memory [30].
Brief mental blocks created by shifting between tasks can consume up to 40%percentt of someone's productive time and increase the risk of error.
Miyake and colleagues [ 55] showed that inhibiting of prepotent responses, updating working memory representations and shifting between tasks or mental sets are three separable executive functions.
Friedman et al. indicated that individual differences in executive function including inhibiting dominant responses, updating working memory representations, and shifting between task sets, are almost 99%% heritable [ 7].
The DLPFC has been proposed to be involved in the executive "top-down" control of behavior such as when we need to adapt our behavior to a changing environment, override habitual responses or shift between different tasks (Miller and Cohen 2001; Passingham and Sakai 2004; Hoshi 2006; Mansouri et al. 2009).
You can switch between tasks using the regular task switcher.
As Trudy G. Steinfeld of New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study told the Chronicle: "If you have a company or nonprofit, you are looking for employees who have an interesting collection of skills and who can shift gears quickly between tasks, and individualized majors often fit the bill".
These latter findings implicate the left inferior parietal cortex and not the IFC in the process of shifting attention between task-relevant stimuli and provide further evidence that different nodes within frontoparietal cortex play specialized functional roles in executive function above and beyond their more general activation as part of a multiple-demand network.
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