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Results of the 2D fractal fence show a clear favorable shelter effect - the extended sheltered area of 1.5 4 times the fence height with the shelter parameter of 0.4, about 70% longer than that of the non-fractal fence provides.
Compared to the single tree, a bank of trees was observed to be more effective in modifying the flow characteristics and shelter effect in the studied area.
Within the ring dyke lies a peaceful, pastoral scene of horses and cattle, in a location that gets more sun than Hamburg, and is regularly a couple of degrees warmer than the mainland, partly thanks to the shelter effect of the embankment.
This low turbulence characteristic makes a positive effect on the shelter effect.
The effect of windbreak on the flow structure and shelter effect was investigated as well.
However, there is a wind shelter effect in the leafed season, which entails low turbulence transfer within the canopy.
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A combined effect of density manifested, thus providing better shelter effects by balancing the reduction in wind speed with the shelter distance.
This research investigates how engineered porous fences, designed using a typical multi-scale fractal structure, would change the wake characteristics and subsequently reshape the wind shelter effects.
Wakes and shelter effects of two fractal fences are compared to those of the non-fractal fence model of the same height, length, bottom gap and porosity of 50%.
Shelter effects produced by the surrounding buildings on the central instrumented building were found to be significant, such that flow patterns are displaced and mean and peak induced loads are significantly different from the isolated building base case.
In this study, the shelter effects of a sparse shelterbelt was compared with a dense shelterbelt and it corresponded with most previous reports, namely that dense shelterbelts resulted in a higher wind reduction whilst the sparse shelterbelts have a longer shelter distance at the leeward side of the belt.
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