Sentence examples for shell vapor from inspiring English sources

Increasing of vapor shell thickness leads to substantial monotonous decreasing of σ abs from two to eight times for all range of 5 < r 0 < 100 nm and for the interval of shell vapor thicknesses Δr 1 < r 0, Δr 1 = r 1-r 0. Further increasing of vapor shell thickness weakly influences the σ abs.

As to σ ext, the dependences of the extinction of laser radiation of such system NP core-water vapor shell on r 0 and vapor shell thickness Δr 1 resemble that in the case of scattering.

It means that the absorbance of laser radiation by the NP is sharply decreased at formation of thin shielded vapor shell and then it is weakly changed for thick shells.

Experimental investigations of initial stage of vapor shell expansion did not carry out.

A vapor shell formed around NP has an initial saturated water vapor pressure of about approximately 1 to102 atm at temperature of 100 to 500 C which induces a subsequent rapid expansion of the vapor shell [8].

The liquid evaporates around rapidly heated NP, and spherical vapor shell (bubble) is formed near to an NP surface.

It is determined by the shielded effect of vapor shell when irradiation cannot reach the absorbing core.

Therefore, at first, the scattering cross sections of NPs fall and then begin to grow when expanding the vapor shell thickness and value of r 1/r 0 increases.

Nonlinear thermo-optical properties of two-layered spherical system of gold nanoparticle core and water vapor shell, created under laser heating of nanoparticle in water, were theoretically investigated.

Experimental investigations of vapor shell (bubble) formation and its dynamics in water under action of laser pulses on NP were carried out in [18 26].

It is possible to determine the temperature of heated NP, or determine the thermal refractive index change of ambient medium or formation of vapor shell (bubble) in the heated vicinity of absorbing NP [8, 17].