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Most of the bio-reactive processes now in development by Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological firms will be based on the culture of shear-sensitive mammalian, insect or plant cells.
These include a number of different arachnids, including mites and pseudoscorpions (Shear et al. 1987; Norton et al. 1988; Schawaller et al. 1991; Selden et al. 1991), centipedes (Shear and Bonamo 1988), and possible fragments of insect exoskeleton (Shear et al. 1984).
Moreover, the shear viscosity of the fluid at typical shear rates imposed by insect movements was rather low, and became similar to that of water at dilutions for which the capture rate was still maximal.
Although the mechanisms remain unclear and shear number of insect-derived TE integrations predicted in parasite genomes appears infrequent, the consequences of this movement may be substantial given the ancestral relationships between insects and their associated viruses.
We found that the apparent extensional viscosity strongly increased when the fluid was stretched, being 104 times larger than the shear viscosity at typical shear rates and strains imposed by insect motions (Fig. 2).
Likewise, an investigation into the insect species might help shore up the findings.
To estimate the resistance of the fluid to insect movements, we first measured the shear viscosity η of the digestive fluid (the coefficient of proportionality between the shear stress and the shear rate in a simple shear flow [23], [24]) using a Brookfield DVII low-viscosity cylindrical Couette rheometer.
Reynolds et al. [8] hypothesised that shear-associated turbulence directionality coupled with inertial lag of the insect mass can provide cues for common orientation and there was some evidence for this in the offset of heading directions from the downwind direction in 'medium-sized' (10 70 mg) insects.
"Insect Serenade".
Insect Mol.
Insect Biochem.
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