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Examples of this behavior include sharp gene expression boundaries and the generation of traveling waves of mRNA expression from single 'trigger' patterns.
The loss of one Sharp gene resulted in a broadened τ distribution indicating an elevated variability in pacemaker regulation while in the double mutants τ was consistently shifted towards higher values (Figure 1E).
In this system, the behavior near half maximal expression is biologically most relevant, since it is at this very concentration that the system has to 'decide' where to draw a fairly sharp gene expression boundary as one of the first steps in constructing a spatial pattern.
However, when Sharp gene dosage was further lowered, we observed a significant lengthening of τ (up to 0.5 h) in mice with only one or no functional Sharp allele left (Figure 1D,E and Figure S2) indicating a high degree of functional redundancy between both genes.
Despite the discontinuity arising from the sharp gene expression domain boundaries, we proved the existence of unique, positive solutions for the partial differential equation system.
The analysis reveals how the cross-regulatory network is able to establish sharp gene expression boundaries (among target genes that, if expressed in isolation, would have a graded or uniform expression profile).
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Although we again detected a functional redundancy of both Sharp genes in this paradigm, Sharp-2 loss-of-function cannot be fully compensated for by only one Sharp-1 wild-type allele.
The other categories shown in Figure 3 remain relatively constant during pregnancy, with a sharp increase (genes for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis) or decrease (genes for fatty acid degradation and the proteasome) at secretory activation.
In sharp contrast, genes encoding the sphingomyelinase D toxin in sicariid spiders are believed to be composed of only 4.4%% of gene duplicates [ 48].
A NotI-PstI fragment containing 3' sequences of the SHARP-1 gene was placed 5' to the neoR cassette.
Larger k values led to a sharp decrease in gene coverage, such that even single pipelines covered more genes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com