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We propose that when EGF exceeds a critical concentration threshold ubiquitination is triggered, which leads to a sharp activation of the major degradative route, NCE.
Addition of TNFα (100 ng/ml) to MEFs induced a rapid and sharp activation of the SAPK followed by a quick down-regulation.
The sharp activation of oxidation and phosphorylation in the lamprey liver mitochondria is followed by spawning and death of the animal in the end of spring—in the beginning of summer.
Thus, the sharp activation of NCE above a certain ligand threshold (while CME nevertheless persists) might regulate the net signalling output, in response to increasing EGF concentrations, in a nonlinear fashion.
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These effects were accompanied by a sharp increase in activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3).
Dynamic modeling and experimental studies of I1-FFL dynamics have demonstrated several properties of this network motif, including its ability to produce sharp pulse-like activation of a jointly regulated gene with a fast relaxation time [ 11, 13].
Inhalation or pharyngeal aspiration exposure of mice to SWCNTs triggers a robust inflammatory response whereby the initial sharp accumulation and activation of neutrophils is followed by the expedited recruitment and extended presence of macrophages in the lung.
Masters SL, Dunne A, Subramanian SL, Hull RL, Tannahill GM, Sharp FA et al. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by islet amyloid polypeptide provides a mechanism for enhanced IL-1beta in type 2 diabetes.
In sharp contrast, PGC-1α activation of the mSirt3 promoter was almost completely abolished upon ERRE mutation (Fig. 2D, right panel).
Specifically, they showed a sharp increase in the activation of majority of analyzed markers at 2 h post IR.
Therefore, the initial stage of cold-induced dental pain (sharp, shooting pain) may involve the activation of mechano-sensitive nociceptors by dentinal fluid flow.
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