This is considered one principal reason why the court in Blackwell v Blackwell established that both types of secret trust shared a single justification.
Although the main justification for shared decision-making is ethical, several randomized controlled trials support its effectiveness in improving the quality of decisions, but robust evidence in objective health outcomes is needed.
The second major development leading to a convergence on a theory-modest method within bioethics was the widespread adoption of reflective equilibrium as a widely shared method of moral justification (Arras 2007).
Under these conditions, the convergence account holds that X meets the test of public reason because Albert and Betty each have a sufficient justification for X, even though the reasons supporting their convergent justifications are not shared.
When each reasonable person has found a sufficient comprehensive or non-shared justification of a political liberal conception of justice, then we can say that an overlapping consensus on a political conception of justice exists, and as a result of this consensus, there is a public justification of our shared political conception of justice.
For Rawls (2005, 387), "public justification happens when all the reasonable members of political society carry out a justification of the shared political conception by embedding it in their several reasonable comprehensive views".
For Rawls, public justification is achieved "when all the reasonable members of political society carry out a justification of the shared political conception by embedding it in their several reasonable comprehensive views" (Rawls 1996, 387).
He argues that the generality problem is not a special problem for reliabilism, but one shared by all epistemologies of justification, including Feldman and Conee's own evidentialist theory.
Prosocial values acquire a strong ethical justification based on shared need, and can be clearly defined as grant criteria, when applied to patients such as those who will benefit from disease-specific stem cell treatments.
If members of the constituency do not share the same justification for X, then X would not pass the test of public reason.
