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This indicates that an infection-transmission event may have occurred between host species at some point in evolutionary history, possibly via a shared generalist parasitoid [ 34- 37].
Parasites are thought to play a key role in structuring host communities [ 2]; the role of shared generalist parasites in mediating competitive interactions between two or more hosts have been explored theoretically and empirically for cases where the hosts compete directly (parasite mediated competition: [ 3- 7]) and where they do not (apparent competition: [ 8, 9].
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Conversely, from most locations the algal turfs of three other species of damselfishes, S. lividus, P. lacrymatus, and H. plagiometopon, were dominated by filamentous rhodophyta, and shared a generalist Polysiphonia species.
Multivariate genetic analyses indicate that shared environmental influences are generalists: Shared environmental correlations among learning and cognitive abilities are as high as genetic correlations.
Both lineages were somewhat generalists and shared part of their host ranges, and strains of each lineage were known to be able to interbreed.
Lastly, Nonverbal Cognitive, Language, and Reading abilities shared genetic origins, supporting the Generalist Genes Hypothesis.
In contrast to these generalist effects of shared environment, nonshared environmental effects are specialists: Nonshared environmental correlations are low.
Moreover, shared environmental influences act as generalists.
In many countries, the initiation and monitoring of ART is restricted to specialist clinicians, with generalist care and coordination a shared responsibility with primary care clinicians [ 44, 45].
In highly nested networks, generalist species have many links, which are shared by specialist species that have only few links.
In highly nested networks, generalist species will have many resource consumer links, which are shared by specialist species that have only few resource consumer links (Fig. 1).
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