Sentence examples for shaping offspring from inspiring English sources

We propose that behavioural or physiological maternal effects may be shaping offspring temperament differences related to disturbance.

We propose that under a trade-off between the number and quality of offspring (which is well supported experimentally; e.g. [40]) antagonistic co-adaptation is a critical component shaping offspring and parental strategies in the evolution of family interactions.

Animal research suggests that antenatal stress exposure and postnatal rearing style act in concert to shape offspring biobehavioral outcomes.

Finally, the gestation and birthing processes also shape offspring, and preterm birth is now a focus of research (Romero et al., p. 760).

Although allocating resources to either of these three components is known to shape offspring number and size, potential trade-offs among them may have key impacts on maternal and offspring fitness.

However, further studies in M. truncatula addressing the partitioning of parental investment to seed traits in response to environmental stress are necessary to understand how the parental environment shapes offspring development and response through resource provisioning to seeds.> -wrap-foot> *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001; ***P < 0.0001.

As she asserts in one of many spot-on takedowns of "parenting," with all the prodding, controlling, and shaping of offspring the term implies, we don't "wife" our husbands or "friend" our companions, nor do we evaluate our "success" as friends or spouses by the latter's achievements.

With density included in the model set, the pregnant mother's environmental context clearly emerged as the most dominant force in shaping her offspring's survival probability.

These pervasive effects of parental care on reproductive development in the offspring may reflect a process whereby natural selection has shaped the offspring to respond to subtle variations in parental care as a forecast of the environmental conditions they will ultimately face following independence from the parent [7], [82].

As already mentioned, parental acculturation orientations shape their offspring's identity through the transmission of the values and cultural expectations either fostering or hampering children's adaptation to school and thus their motivation to achieve.

Although the associations between egg quantity, quality, and parental care were studied in many species [ 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14], it remains unclear if and how these three parameters simultaneously shape maternal and offspring fitness at egg hatching.