Institutional specificities at country level also play a role in shaping the propensity of researchers to engage with industry.
The results suggest that firms who adopt "open" search strategies and invest in R&D are more likely than other firms to draw from universities, indicating that managerial choice matters in shaping the propensity of firms to draw from universities.
Policy makers should implement policies that reduce the opportunity costs of innovation, R, as well as the entry barrier costs, α0; the direct costs of production of innovations (for example subsidizing innovation activities), c; and promoting an innovation culture that shapes the propensity to innovation distribution f in favor of innovative activities.
Given that several studies have suggested a link between vertebral shape and the propensity to experience intervertebral disc herniation, there is reason to investigate possible explanations for why certain vertebral shapes should predispose for this condition.
In particular, the average molecular shape and the propensity of the different lipid and protein species for forming non-lamellar and curved structures are a source of structural transitions and control of biological function.
Recently, a number of studies have suggested that vertebral shape may affect the propensity to experience intervertebral disc herniation.
Enthralled with accounts of the New World, he argued that civilization, not nature, shaped the human propensity for violence.
The belief that matter contains the 'seeds' of all the forms that can possibly accrue to it is one of the hallmarks of James of Viterbo's thought, as is the belief that the soul pre-contains, in the shape of "propensities" (idoneitates), all the sensitive, intellective, and volitional forms it is able to take on.
An indirect shape effect of CeO2, manifested by the propensity to form oxygen vacancies and strongly bind copper in the active form, was established; i.e. the water-gas shift reaction is not structure-sensitive.
Then we raised the threshold according to the shape of the local propensity profile for identifying short loops or helical breaks in these fragments (see Methods section for details).
