A harmonic bond with an equilibrium length of 5 Å and force constant 10 kJ mol 1 Å–2 was also applied between the backbone beads of Cys181 and Leu184 to maintain the horseshoe-shape propensity that has been observed in numerous experimental studies.
Ultimately, this study contributes to our understanding on the quantitative genetic variation underlying a complex life history decision and provides some insight into how evolution might shape the propensity to migrate or remain resident.
Institutional specificities at country level also play a role in shaping the propensity of researchers to engage with industry.
The results suggest that firms who adopt "open" search strategies and invest in R&D are more likely than other firms to draw from universities, indicating that managerial choice matters in shaping the propensity of firms to draw from universities.
The belief that matter contains the 'seeds' of all the forms that can possibly accrue to it is one of the hallmarks of James of Viterbo's thought, as is the belief that the soul pre-contains, in the shape of "propensities" (idoneitates), all the sensitive, intellective, and volitional forms it is able to take on.
Policy makers should implement policies that reduce the opportunity costs of innovation, R, as well as the entry barrier costs, α0; the direct costs of production of innovations (for example subsidizing innovation activities), c; and promoting an innovation culture that shapes the propensity to innovation distribution f in favor of innovative activities.
Important factors that influence the formation of secondary structures in proteins are volume, shape (topology), hydrophobicity, propensity for secondary structures, and electronic characteristics of the amino acid side chains.
Given that several studies have suggested a link between vertebral shape and the propensity to experience intervertebral disc herniation, there is reason to investigate possible explanations for why certain vertebral shapes should predispose for this condition.
In particular, the average molecular shape and the propensity of the different lipid and protein species for forming non-lamellar and curved structures are a source of structural transitions and control of biological function.
Thornton's study compared the size, shape, residue interface propensities and hydrophobicity of the protein-protein interface for four different types of protein-protein complexes [3].
Figure 1 Propensity score distribution.
