In this paper, we propose a bi-level air transport market model which can handle the shape of network, airfare and service frequency as airline's control variables and passenger's behavior.
The shape of the networks tends to a centralized, wheel, or star-like network based on the high degree centralization scores (all tie frequencies).
One of Alexander's first goals was to make sure that the military would take the lead role in cyber security and in determining the future shape of computer networks.
Such a defensive "Maginot Line" approach is outdated and ineffective, especially in the face of the shifting shape of terror networks, which are now recruiting and training citizens from the West to go back home to commit terrorist acts.
Is it possible to gauge the shape of transmission networks based on epidemic outbreaks?
Images encode the shape of plant networks such as roots, tree crowns, or leaf venation.
The advent of digital imaging accelerated the development of computational methods to digitally reconstruct the shape of plant networks from imaging data.
The introduction of cheap digital imaging devices for the consumer market enabled the wide use of digital images to capture the shape of plant networks such as roots, tree crowns, or leaf venation.
Although we find that the overall "shape" of the network is not as apparent as in the "network" visualization, the "matrix" plot makes it indeed easier to identify the connections between virus clusters and host groups.
By using network analysis, it is possible to (i) portray the overall shape of the network in terms of the level of hierarchy, (ii) identify the central and influential people in the network who may lead processes of change, (iii) identify structural holes and organizational gaps, which can trap information within specific clusters, and (iv) identify knowledge brokers who can mitigate these gaps.
