Sentence examples for shape of associations from inspiring English sources

Restricted cubic splines allow for flexible examination of associative patterns, with minimal assumptions regarding the shape of associations.

We investigated the shape of associations between perceived neighborhood environment attributes and sedentary behavior in three countries; and whether these associations differed by country and gender.

This study examined the strength and shape of associations between perceived environmental attributes and adults' recreational walking, using data collected from 13,745 adult participants in 12 countries.

Establishing the shape of associations between risk factors and CVD is important to gauge the potential for prevention [ 22, 23].

Therefore, we can only use our data to show the shape of associations, but exact amounts for a threshold cannot be determined.

The shape of associations between neighborhood-level measures and PA outcomes were further investigated by adding a quadratic term in the full model, but we observed no improvement in fit compared with linear models.

First, we find that the shape of association varies by type of mortality.

Our finding of a non-linear shape of association contrast with findings from Finland, where Martikainen et al report a linear shape of association between income and mortality [ 6].

Generalized additive models were fitted using smoothing splines (Hastie and Tibshirani 1990), to examine the shape of association, and to check linearity assumptions, for both continuous THM estimates and Carstairs deprivation score in each water region separately.

In addition to guiding etiologic research of income-mortality associations, the shape of association has implications for efforts to reduce income-based disparities: either providing evidence in support of targeting the full population (if a linear association) or evidence for support of policies focused on the population where such associations are found to exist.

In order to assess the shape of association between the later two iron status biomarkers and event-free survival rates, univariable and multivariable models were constructed, where these variables were included as 1) log transformed and 2) transformed using natural cubic splines with n knots (23).