The coexistence of "normal" and elongated carboxysomes in mutant cells and among the population of purified mutant carboxysomes was unexpected and indicated that, contrary to the prediction of the current shell model [10], the two CsoS4 proteins are not essential shape determinants in the shell of α-carboxysomes.
Microstructural shape determinants such as elongation of cells and voids and anisotropy of the tissue are correlated to each other, but mostly uncorrelated to other microstructural descriptors and functional properties.
Bacterial two-hybrid analyses and pull-down experiments showed that MreC interacts with the penicillin-binding proteins that synthesize the cell wall and therefore are cell shape determinants (Divakaruni et al, 2005, 2007; van den Ent et al, 2006).
Piet de Boer's group identified rodZ by screening for the requirement for extra FtsZ, as it was known that increased FtsZ levels rescue the lack of other cell shape determinants (i.e. MreB and PBP2) (Bendezu and de Boer, 2008).
On this second point of clarification, conflating the social determinants of health and the social processes that shape these determinants' unequal distribution can seriously mislead policy.
The research questions guiding the scoping review were: 1) what role do social systems and social institutions (e.g., family, culture, education, economy, polity) play in perpetuating interpersonal violence against women?; and 2) how does structural and interpersonal violence intersect to shape the determinants of women's health?
It has been found that the width of the pontoons is one of the key design parameters, while small modifications in the floating breakwater's cross section shape are less determinant in its hydrodynamic behaviour and in mechanical loads in the discussed ranges.
Over 120 years ago, Oscar Hertwig discovered that cells divide along their long axes, which is known as the "long-axis rule", suggesting that cell shape is a determinant of spindle and cell-division orientation (Hertwig, 1884).
Another rationalization related to effects of foreign direct investments is the existence and extent of local financial markets, which is taken as essential determinant shaping of the way growth might transpire (Alfaro et al. 2004).
