Based on a feature-based detector perspective, a correlation matching approach is used with the candidate spectral shape as a reference.
Up close, each "bubble" has a piece bitten out of it the spherical shape is a reference to the cyanide-coated apple with which Turing is suspected to have taken his own life.
(2009), while the characterisation of normal lip shape provides a reference against which the success of surgical correction can be evaluated, as described by Ayoub et al.
Dubbed "alignment recycling", this approach recognized that conformers with similar shape align to a reference shape in a similar way.
The singer's dance troupes were dressed in black berets and leather as homage to The Black Panthers party and danced in an X-shape, possibly a reference to activist Malcolm X.
When computing the shape fingerprint of a conformer, if a reference shape has a shape optimized superposition that is greater than or equal to the fingerprint shape similarity threshold, the corresponding 3-D fingerprint bit is set.
In geometric morphometrics, biological shape is defined via transformation of the original shape, which is selected as a reference shape.
Most of the existing methods need a numerical or measured baseline mode shape serving as a reference to identify damage, and this requirement extremely limits the practicability of the methods.
Differences between a reference shape (i.e. larval shape at settlement) and a target shape (i.e. adult shape) can be illustrated with deformation grids (interpolating function "thin plate spline" or TPS [ 44]).
