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Congratulations to the mayor for not endorsing a short-term, sham solution.
The five control individuals were exposed to a sham solution of distilled water and tryptone.
One bird from each species was inoculated IN with a sham solution and housed in a separate unit from the virus-exposed birds.
Discs (0.5 cm) were punched from fully expanded leaves and vacuum-infiltrated with 0 (control), 0.2, 0.6 or 1 mM SHAM solution combined with 1 mM NaHCO3 or 20 mM NaHCO3 for 2 h in the dark at room temperature.
On the day of exposure, the medium was changed, a teaspoon of sterile sand and a solution of P. ramosa spores (treatments) or a sham solution (controls) were added to each jar.
Other discs (1.3 cm) were punched from fully expanded leaves and infiltrated with 0 (control), 0.2, 0.6 or 1 mM SHAM solution combined with 1 mM NaHCO3 for 2 h in the dark at room temperature.
Similar(54)
"The two other candidates responded with sham solutions that won't ease pain at the pump, but Senator Obama refused to play that typical Washington game".
Sham group (SHAM).
To proponents of sham surgery, the solution will be clear: turn the matter over to the prospective participants themselves.
During the experiment each animal inhaled either nebulized normal saline solution (sham exposure) or nebulized mucomodulators diluted in normal saline solution (0.9% NaCl) in three different concentrations.
1.0 μL of virus suspension or saline solution (sham mice) was infused to the CA1 region of the hippocampus (−2.0 mm AP, ±1.7 mm ML, −2.0 mm DV to bregma) according to the Paxinos and Watson mouse brain atlas (1998).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com