The control group that underwent sham surgery displayed only minor scarring which could be attributed to injury sustained during the saline injections (Figs. 3a, b).
In comparison, the muscles from Sham rats displayed a 50% increase in maximal tetanic force production from 4 to 8 weeks, likely as a result of their dramatic increase in their type II fiber cross sectional area.
Rats in the sham group displayed the highest number of ChAT-positive cells).
Interestingly, 8-week AR rats treated with fenofibrate showed no upregulation of all the FAO genes studied whereas sham animals displayed an increase for several of them.
In the space exploration test, rats in the sham group displayed the longest residence times in the target quadrant and the maximum piercings times while rats in the A β group demonstrated the shortest residence times in the target quadrant and the lowest number of piercings.
Whereas hamsters with sham implants displayed the expected SD response of reduced food intake, body weight loss, a decrease in intra-abdominal fat depots, and testicular regression, these catabolic processes were completely prevented in hamsters with hypothalamic T3 implants (Barrett et al., 2007).
Moreover, the modified CLP, but not sham-operation, displayed growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms in rat blood.
While a few hearts displayed minor tissue scarring (Figs. 3e, f) similar to that observed in the sham hearts, others displayed a certain degree of wall thinning and remodeling (Figs. 3g, h).
Interestingly, when the rats were tested in a modified version of the set-shifting task, directly designed for measuring the formation of an attentional set, sham lesion controls displayed a pronounced shift-cost, evident of successful set-formation.
Percentage differences were obtained for quarter two and quarter four prior, vs. quarter two and quarter four after, an FDA or a sham alert and displayed as a histogram.
In the Fig. 3, the differences observed for CSA and CtTh between the vibrated and sham mice are displayed for each of the positions along the tibia (Figs. 3a and b) and femur (Figs. 3c and d).
