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One used the device at least once a day for eight weeks, while the other was given a similar-looking sham device.
News agencies reported that the Irish police had also found a sham device, harmless but meant to appear to be a bomb, at a tram station in North Dublin.
The first two groups received tDCS to different parts of the brain previously associated with numerical understanding and learning, while a non-functional "sham" device was used on the third group as a control.
A pseudo-acupuncture sham device had a greater effect than a placebo pill in chronic arm pain [14].
Invited commentary on "Discrimination of real and sham acupuncture needles using the Park sham device: a preliminary study".
Tan C-W, Christie L, VTelfordes V, Telford N. Discrimination of real and sham acupuncture needles using the Park sham device: a preliminary study.
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Randomized, sham device-controlled, double-blind clinical trials were conducted at multiple institutional and private practices.
The study was not sham device-controlled and the results did not reach statistical significance.
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of LaserComb® treatment of pattern hair loss in both male and female subjects, in four randomized, multicenter, sham device-controlled, double-blind prospective trials.
To date, the most comprehensive published study is a randomized, double-blind, sham device-controlled clinical trial of 110 male subjects showing that the HairMax Lasercomb® (Lexington International, LLC., Boca Raton, FL, USA), FDA-cleared to treat pattern hair loss in male subjects at the time, was effective in increasing terminal hair density after 26 weeks of treatment [ 8].
A more recent, randomized, double-blind, sham device-controlled trial found "TOPHAT655" (a helmet-like device with lasers and light-emitting diodes) treatment to increase terminal hair count in pattern hair loss, but only male subjects were included in the trial [ 7].
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