This includes regular sub-wavelength blazed gratings and microprisms for out-coupling of light into planar waveguides for optical application [1, 2], as well as shallow tapered inlets bridging micro- to nanofluidics for life-sciences [3, 4].
Machining an edge-taper, 0.6 mm-deep and 10 or 20 mm-wide eliminated edge-flare, but shallower tapers, 0.2 or 0.4 mm deep, were less effective.
And how genuine new information emerged as a result of the all-too-short period of excavation carried out by enthusiastic supporters? - that the theatre was not a wooden O but polygonal, that the yard was not flat but sloped forwards, that the stage itself was unexpectedly shallow and tapered at the sides?
This paper investigates the forced nonlinear mechanics of a tapered shallow arch made of an axially functionally graded (AFG) material.
Second, the expressions for the kinetic and the potential energies of the AFG tapered shallow arch, as well as the work of the external excitation force, are constructed and balanced via Hamilton's principle.
The car has a low-rider silhouette, imposing grille and shallow side windows that taper down toward the rear.
Moreover, the effect of the gradient index as well as the curvature amplitude on the vibration characteristics of the tapered AFG shallow arch is investigated.
The large collection of spoons includes 51 cochlearia, which are small spoons with shallow bowls and long, tapering handles with a pointed end which was used to pierce eggs and spear small pieces of food as the Romans did not use forks at the table.
The shear stress is then reduced in the shallower region and tapered in accordance with the effective normal stress.
Idealised geological models developed in southern Africa (e.g. Hawthrone 1975) recognise a shallow crater zone, a downward tapering pipe, and a root zone, which can be wider than the overlying pipe.
