By irradiating the sample at a shallow angle, the sensitivity to the tips can be high.
The testing speed, the high sensitivity to shallow cracks and the crack sizing are the present requirements in ECT.
This implies, in turn, that it has also an approximate passive subsoil mapping capability independent of the level of noise illumination, albeit limited to relatively shallow depths, since tilt sensitivity makes HVSR unreliable below ∼0.1 Hz.
We also examined the dynamic range and sensitivity to shallow gradients of the yeast model with Ds = 0.001 µm2/s.
The yeast cells exhibited good accuracy with the mating projection typically pointing in the correct direction up the gradient (∼80% under certain conditions), excellent sensitivity to shallow gradients, and broad dynamic range so that gradient-sensing was relatively robust over a 1000-fold range of average α-factor concentrations.
In contrast, a ten times increase in µs´ shifts the sensitivity towards shallower depths.
For the single fiber measurement with d = 2 mm, a ten times increase of µa shifts the sensitivity towards shallower depths, but in a lower magnitude as the effect of a ten times increase in µs´, see Fig. 1b.
In the SORS geometry, with the same fiber diameters as in the first case but a spatial offset of 0.4 mm, a ten times increase in µa also shifts the sensitivity towards shallower depths, see Fig. 1c.
Here, we develop and analyze a reaction-diffusion model of phospholipase C/protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, which was recently identified as a requisite PDGF-gradient-sensing pathway, with the goal of identifying mechanisms that can amplify its sensitivity in the shallow external gradients typical of chemotaxis experiments.
Even with targeted reductions in phosphorus inputs of 50% and measures to control flooding, recovery of the lake is expected to be slow because of phosphorus recycled from sediments and the climatic sensitivity of this shallow lake and the flooding of the Red River.
