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Exact(6)
They are not affected by the shaking amplitude, frequency, and direction (one- or multidirectional shaking).
Liquid motion is strongly dependent on the orbital shaking amplitude which generally has a greater impact than the shaking frequency.
Excess pore pressure ratio, ground acceleration and pile acceleration, and pile bending moment largely depend on the shaking amplitude.
Average power consumptions of 70 100 W m−3 and 500 1000 W m−3, and overall mass transfer coefficient, kLa, values of 0.005 0.028 s−1 and 0.056 0.10 s−1 were obtained for 24-well and 96-well bioreactors respectively at an orbital shaking amplitude of 3 mm and shaking frequencies ranging from 500 rpm to 1500 rpm.
As a general rule, one can say that the OTR increases proportionally with shaking amplitude and frequency due to an increase in the total surface that is available for oxygen (gas) transfer.
FY4 was cultured in 96-deep-well plates (Kuehner AG, Birsfeld, Switzerland) [ 35] as batch cultures at 30°C and 300 rpm in a shaker with 50 mm shaking amplitude.
Similar(54)
Three windowed sinusoidal waves with peak shaking amplitudes ranging from 0.08 g to 0.3 g (prototype scale) were adopted.
Taking advantage of the quadratic programming, a drum speed of 150 rpm, tilt angle of 6° and shake amplitude of 20 mm have been determined as optimum levels to achieve the maximum SrSO4 concentrate grade of 96.91%, whereas the maximum level of grade was 95.69% in the tests conducted or predicted.
In the same way, a drum speed of 250 rpm, tilt angle of 2° and shake amplitude of 10 mm has been determined as optimum levels to achieve the maximum recovery of 98.35%, whereas it was 95.83% in the tests conducted or predicted.
Note that the passage of surface waves, in this frequency range, was less capable to trigger seismicity in Japan in previous study cases (Harrington and Brodsky 2006), at similar shaking amplitudes.
Harrington and Brodsky (2006) show that for the case of the 2004 Sumatra earthquake, which produced peak shaking amplitudes in the range 0.25 0.7 cm/s in Japan (their Figure 5), only the largest amplitudes (~0.7 cm/s) were associated with some remotely triggered events (occurred in Kyushu region).
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