Sentence examples for shadow pricing from inspiring English sources

The globe is moving towards pricing carbon, whether through emissions trading or through shadow pricing schemes.

The channel-specific regressions confirm that generic prices in the retail channel are 38.3% higher when the molecule originator is present, consistent with shadow pricing by generics.

A commonly used adjustment technique is shadow pricing, wherein a good or service is assigned a price defined by what an individual must give up to gain an extra unit of the good or service (29, 30).

In this method, the potential of a given reaction knockout for production of a specific metabolite is evaluated by shadow pricing of the constraint in the flux balance analysis, which generates a screening score to obtain candidate knockout sets.

Shadow pricing was used to cost this time by multiplying the number of hours of care provided by an informal care cost per hour which was estimated by dividing gross national average weekly wage rates (averaged across males and females see online supplementary appendix table A1) by national average weekly working hours.

They are therefore starting to use shadow prices.

Otherwise, the shadow price will decrease.

Consequently, we would expect that the shadow price at the destination exceeds the shadow price at the source.

Whether the weights are sensible should be evaluated on the basis of these shadow prices.

The policy increases crop yields, raises profitability of farming, and increases the shadow price of water.

CO2 shadow prices are then relatively high in the years before the CCS has arrived.