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Most species belong to sexual genera Grosmannia, Ophiostoma, and the asexual genus Leptographium.
The main sexual genera currently recognized within this complex (Sordariomycetidae and Hypocreomycetidae) include Ophiostoma, Grosmannia, Ceratocystiopsis, and several new genera (including the original Ceratocystis) within the recently reorganized Ceratocystidaceae (de Beer et al. 2014).
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These species are classified in four genera, two sexual - Rhodosporidium and Sporidiobolus - and two asexual - Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces.
In unicellular organisms lacking a sexual life cycle, species and genera boundaries often remain uncertain, even after comprehensive data sets of morphological, biochemical, ecophysiological and molecular features have been collected, probably because limitations and the way how to use this multimethod approach are not clear.
Our data support the hypothesis that the genetic machinery for sexual reproduction is conserved among multiple genera of Mucoromycotina.
For example, in the order Sporidiobolales sexual species are classified in the genera Rhodosporidium and Sporidiobolus whereas asexual forms are classified in Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces [ 35].
However, continual taxonomic study appears to be very complicated and controversial, mainly due to sexual compatibility between Citrus species and related genera, the high frequency of bud mutations, apomixis (e.g., adventitious embryony) [8].
In the latter three genera there is a distinctive sexual phase resulting in the production of sperm-like motile microgametes and egg-like immotile macrogametes.
Because the major goal here is to understand the differentiation and evolution of size and shape between the two genera the effect of uncontrolled sexual and specific variation within each genus would be to increase dispersion among points and consequently blur any observed pattern among genera.
Although sexual processes have been demonstrated in a few genera, reproduction is largely by binary or multiple fission.
This is particularly true for some of the species-rich genera of so-called sexually deceptive orchids, like the European genus Ophrys, where pollinator attraction is brought about by a form of floral mimicry known as sexual deception.
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