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We selected a large (667 km2), severely fragmented landscape containing 109 forest fragments (ranging from 1.7 to 3500 ha), all of which are entirely surrounded by a uniform, stable and inhospitable matrix of sugarcane monoculture.
Empirical studies on severely fragmented regions suggest that decades after fragmentation, forest edges located near human-modified areas exhibit the structure of early successional states, with lower biomass per area and higher mortality compared to non-edge areas.
Furthermore, Figure 1A shows that genomic DNA from archival tissue is severely fragmented with an estimated median DNA fragment size often below 1 kb and varies substantially between samples (cf. lanes B vs J).
We selected a large (666.7 km2), severely fragmented landscape within this property containing 109 forest fragments (total forest cover = 9.2%), including the 3,500-ha 3,500-haforest–the largest and best preserved remnant in this region [19].
But one thing is undisputed: It is a severely fragmented market.
No habitat in America is more severely fragmented than the prairie.
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Moreover, small forest patches in severely-fragmented landscapes may be strongly impoverished in terms of the number of species and individuals with particular pollination systems (e.g. pollination by bats, birds, non-flying mammals, Sphingids) and may be dominated by tree species pollinated by generalists.
The SKBR-3 cells looked severely damaged (fragmented, decreasing in number and forming giant cells) some days after the exposure and were too few to be counted with the electronic cell counter.
We now report histopathological findings from 19 humans covering the spectrum from none to severe AD pathology, including patients with Down's syndrome, showing that degenerating neuronal structures positive for tau (neuropil threads, neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques) are invariably colocalized with severely dystrophic (fragmented) rather than with activated microglial cells.
Add to this a huge increase in the use of volunteers and a picture emerges of a severely hollowed-out, fragmented and de-professionalised service.
Subtropical Argentinean Chaco forests have been severely deforested and fragmented due to agriculture during the last six decades.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com