Several of the patients included suffered from severe therapy-related toxicity (epithelitis or mucosal ulcerations in the mouth and throat) which caused interruptions of the treatment.
All patients had severe therapy-resistant epilepsy.
Within the last years, occipital nerve stimulation has proven to be an important method in the treatment of severe therapy-resistant neurological pain disorders.
These studies in adults were, on the one hand, confirmed for children with severe, therapy-resistant asthma [26], but, on the other hand, challenged by another study [27].
In the MIST trial, the only prospectively randomized, double-blind controlled study, no significant reduction in the prevalence of migraine after PFO closure was found, although a significant reduction in headache days was seen in patients with severe, therapy-resistant migraine [2].
Nowadays, thanks to treatment intensification, the cure rate of primary neoplasia has increased but these very treatments are also implicated in severe therapy-related hematological consequences.
Additionally, airway remodeling in pediatric severe therapy-resistant asthma has recently been shown not to correlate with Th2 cytokines 13.
Our results may not fully reflect the general population of asthmatic patients, especially patients with severe therapy-resistant asthma.
Nineteen children with severe asthma were recruited for bronchoscopy as part of the workup for severe, therapy-resistant asthma.
This patient had severe therapy-resistant and fistulizing CD with a 15-year disease duration, and was diagnosed with rectal carcinoma resulting in multiple mesenterial adenocarcinoma metastases.
A consensus statement recently published jointly by the European Respiratory Society and the American Thoracic Society provided age-specific guidelines for the appropriate doses of inhaled corticosteroid in cases of "severe therapy-resistant asthma" [ 26].
