Bentonite clays exhibit high adsorptive capacity for contaminants, including aflatoxin B1 (aFB1), a mycotoxin responsible for causing severe toxicity in several species including pigs, poultry and man.
Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a severe disease caused by several species of Ebolavirus (EBOV), in the family Filoviridae.
They are extremely virulent [ 37] and cause severe acute illness in several species, including humans [ 7, 13].
This is especially so, since the genes expressed in the final larval stage of chironomids should be particularly prone to increased diversifying selection compared to the rest of the genome, because this is the phase in the life of the midges during which the competition (e.g. for space and food) is potentially most severe among species [ 61].
The prediction is confirmed: the fossil record documents hundreds, possibly thousands, of "turnover" events, where environmental degradation was sufficiently severe that entire species began to succumb to extinction and new species quickly evolved to populate the newly reconstituted environment.
"The current rate and magnitude of climate change are faster and more severe than many species have experienced in their evolutionary history," said Anthony Barnosky, the lead author of the Nature study.
We observed a strong change in the community composition and a severe decline in species richness.
Although wildfires may promote the regeneration of fire-adapted species, severe wildfires may cause temporary or permanent shifts in the structure or composition of forest communities [32, 35 37].
As is happening recently, the frost periods are getting shorter and less severe, wherefore also species from the southwest of Europe or the sub-Mediterranean climate area have a chance to survive in Hesse.
The slight increase in food chain length at the impacted or more productive site seems to be positive but severe loss of species diversity and trophic space also occurred.
