Future studies examining gene expression differences between naïve and preconditioned larvae at additional timepoints, such as after recovery from preconditioning and/or from severe hypoxia, are likely to further our mechanistic understanding of hypoxic preconditioning.
However, mild hypoxia can be protective against later, more severe hypoxia exposure via "hypoxic preconditioning," a phenomenon that is not yet fully understood.
Short periods of ischaemia preserve high-energy phosphate levels and cellular viability in the face of more severe and prolonged ischaemia ('ischaemic preconditioning'), a mechanism in which mitochondrial KATP channels are believed to play a crucial role [ 40].
A mild stress stimulus can protect cells from subsequent severe stress, a phenomenon known as preconditioning (Parsell and Lindquist, 1993).
However ADE is neither a sufficient (estimates of rates of DHF in those experiencing secondary infection range from 1.8 12% patients[16], [17]), nor an absolutely necessary precondition for the development of severe disease (not every severe case occurs in those experiencing secondary infection – although the overwhelming majority do).
Later research recognized several types of preconditioning protocols including IPC, exercise preconditioning, and pharmacological preconditioning [ 2, 44, 45].
Preconditioning is a phenomenon in which protection against severe injury is achieved by adapting to low doses of insults (reviewed in [195, 196]).
Together, these findings pose the possibility that "hypoglycemic preconditioning" modified the risk of death associated with severe hypoglycemia in ACCORD.
Preconditioning is a phenomenon in which protection against severe injury is achieved by adapting to low doses of insults (reviewed in [ 195, 196]).
Thus, the higher incidence of mild-to-moderate hypoglycemic episodes could create an environment of "hypoglycemic preconditioning" in which the incidence of death of severe hypoglycemia was apparently decreased (hazard ratio 0.88 [95% CI 0.78 1.00]).
