The two basic requirements for seismic design are high stiffness at working load level and large ductility at severe over loadings.
Nowadays, the majority of wind turbine blades are produced from composite materials which are subject to severe operational loadings.
However, very limited knowledge is known about the residual axial capacity of CFDST columns following severe blast loadings.
During the operation, the blades are submitted to severe cyclic loadings generated by pressure field's variation as function of angular position.
Many civil and mechanical structures exhibit hysteresis with degradation and/or pinching when subject to severe cyclic loadings such as earthquakes, wind, or sea waves.
To accurately design such components or structures to withstand severe external loadings, such as high velocity impact or a crash event, is conceptually a difficult task for the composite designer.
The bond slip mechanism is one of the features that significantly controls the response as well as damage evolution of reinforced concrete structures when subjected to severe cyclic loadings, such as those induced by earthquakes.
Results confirm that the application of a TMD system reduces the amount of the hysteretic dissipated energy, which is a direct measure of damage in the structure, and so it is beneficial for the protection of buildings that develop a nonlinear behaviour under severe dynamic loadings.
The panel-type structures used in aerospace engineering can be subjected to severe high-frequency acoustic loadings in service.
