Fibulin-5−/− mice have severely disorganized elastic fibers throughout the body and develop severe and progressive elastinopathy postnatally, but survive to adulthood (Nakamura et al., 2002; Yanagisawa et al., 2002).
In a severe sprain, the elastic fibers tear partly or completely.
Results show that both tensile and compressive loading modes can cause severe degradation in elastic modulus and yield strength.
Merhi-Soussi et al. also noticed massive vascular inflammation in IL-1Ra−/−/ApoE−/− mice with marked macrophage infiltration in the adventitia and severe destruction of elastic lamina, paralleled by severe illness and high death rate.
If severe dissection or elastic recoil occurred after angioplasty, the Apollo stent (for patients with less tortuous access) or the Wingspan stent (for patients with severe tortuous access or small target vessel) would be implanted.
We and others have shown that Ltbp4S−/− mice display severe defects in elastic fiber formation (Dabovic et al., 2015; Noda et al., 2013; Sterner-Kock et al., 2002; Urban et al., 2009).
Different from conventional Capacity Design which attempt to maintain the condition of "strong column weak beam", PCD allows the interior columns become plastic while the exterior columns are kept being elastic during severe earthquake.
Thus, in less severe OA, with more elastic capsules, a release of the short rotator tendons would have caused a change in ICP.
The severe subsurface rebonding increases the elastic strain, which is energetically unfavorable.
However, it is inappropriate to design a structure to remain in the elastic region, under severe earthquakes, because of the economic constraints.
