Shock, the sudden and severe drop in blood flow that most often kills Ebola patients, is likely triggered by inflammatory molecules called cytokines, which are released by infected dendritic cells.
Experimental occlusion of penetrating arterioles in rat cortex leads to severe reduction in blood flow velocity in vessels at least seven branches downstream from the occlusion (Nishimura et al., 2010).
The latter results from severe restriction of blood flow and manifests as constant and intractable pain, often with ulceration or gangrene of the limb (Norgren et al, 2007; Varu et al, 2010).
PROBLEM: Peripheral arterial disease can cause a severe restriction to blood flow leading to critical limb ischemia (CLI), which manifests as a constant and intractable pain, often with ulceration or gangrene.
The severe reduction of blood flow to the affected tissue results in a lack of oxygen and nutrient transportation, which in turn interferes with intracellular protein synthesis and worsen ischemic brain injury, and ultimately leads to tissue hypoxia and cell death [ 3].
The inflammation can be short term (acute) or long term (chronic), and it can be so severe that it reduces blood flow to tissues and organs.
Therefore, in case of severe systemic hypotension, organ blood flow will be diverted away from the skin, non-exercising skeletal muscles and splanchnic viscera to support the brain, heart and kidney blood flow [8].
We found that IAH was associated with severe reductions of renal blood flow and urinary output in face of a preserved cardiac output, implying a decrease in the fraction of cardiac output directed to the kidney.
Things eventually took a turn for the worse last year when gangrene took hold of his right leg, and because of severe blockage in the blood flow to his leg he was forced to undergo an above-the-knee amputation.
When CDOs start to show significant losses, the payments to the lower-tier investors, including the equity tranche, are cut or halted to defend the AAA layer, much the way the human body, when exposed to severe cold, will restrict blood flow from the extremities to save the brain and organs.
