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For determination of prnp alleles or haplotypes, there are several typing techniques applied today.
In order to better understand the epidemiology of M. bovis, several typing techniques, such as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis [ 6- 9], have been used to compare isolates.
Thus far, several typing techniques have been used to characterize CA agents, including analysis of variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTR) [ 9], multilocus sequence typing (MLST) [ 10], Southern blots using DNA probes [ 11], insertion sequence (IS) typing [ 8, 12] and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) [ 8, 13, 14].
Several typing techniques have been used to characterize isolates of M. bovis, with IS 6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), spoligotyping and multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) as the most frequently used.
Several typing systems exist, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [ 10], sequence analysis or restriction fragment length polymorphism of single genes (16S ribosomal RNA, icd, com1 or mucZ) [ 11- 15].
In addition, although previous studies have investigated the effect of specific methodologic issues on the performance of several typing techniques (20– 24, 24– 30), we have demonstrated the usefulness of a PCR based technique in the clinical setting for diagnostic purposes, as well as for epidemiologic studies of tuberculosis transmission.
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