Sentence examples for several trophic levels from inspiring English sources

These categories are not strictly defined, as many organisms feed on several trophic levels; for example, some carnivores also consume plant materials or carrion and are called omnivores, and some herbivores occasionally consume animal matter.

Using computer simulations, this study examines metacommunities consisting of several trophic levels in heterogeneous environments in order to explore the above hypotheses on a community level.

Since, radionuclides are concentrated in marine biota, a large number of marine biota samples covering several trophic levels, from microalgae to sharks, were analyzed.

Overall, our review highlights the importance of examining interactions over several trophic levels and the underlying mechanisms (density and trait-mediated indirect effects) linking predation risk and hantavirus transmission, to develop an ecological framework to understand disease in natural, preserved and degraded systems.

Accordingly, these results provide evidence of wetland ecosystem degradation across this large agricultural landscape and document affects that are carried-up through several trophic levels.

Importantly, parasites often have complex life cycles with multiple hosts and feeding preferences so they can occupy several trophic levels, which may lead to intermingled and even cryptic host-parasite trophic relationships that can be difficult to disentangle [3].

Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculturefersto) refers thethe integrated farming of several species from different trophic levels in close proximity.

Although the concentrations were low relative to other wildlife species that feed at higher trophic levels, the concentrations significantly correlated with several health indicators, including white blood cell counts and some plasma chemistry measurements (Keller et al. 2004c).

In this experiment, grazer identity influenced the propagation of nutrient enrichment and predator effects to higher and lower trophic levels, respectively, and grazer diversity tended to buffer several ecosystem properties against such perturbations.

Several of these techniques have already been applied to study genetic diversity at different trophic levels of the Baltic Sea.

Several studies have suggested also that fragmentation could differentially affect insects in different guilds and trophic levels, potentially disrupting metacommunity functioning [38], [39].