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Participating organisations already used the questionnaire as a checklist to ascertain whether several quality management items were present.
Several questions involved selecting items from lists, providing the potential for response bias due to list order, so items were presented in random order online and four versions of the instrument were randomly distributed in hard copy mailings.
Items were presented only once.
46 items were presented to the subjects.
Of those presenting information on this property (CESQ, RES and MIDUS) several items were seen to violate the criterion, receiving more than 15% of responses.
Several items were sold on Craigslist and other Web sites.
Several items were rephrased or combined.
Overall, most children found that several items were irrelevant.
Several items were reversed to avoid response patterns.
Note that IRT test linking is always possible: the only requirement is that there is either overlap in individuals that were administered several inventories, or overlap in items, when some items are present in multiple inventories.
Several items are treated as "loss leaders".
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