Several high-burden countries lag behind in expanding programs for preventing mother-to-child transmission, and the uptake of other prevention methods remains limited.
This is primarily because several high-burden, high-population countries have yet to introduce the vaccine, notably China and the Russian Federation, or have not yet introduced the vaccine universally, such as in Nigeria and India [ 4].
Presently, the treatment practices for TB involve high levels of hospitalization in several high MDR-TB burden countries.
Hence, many more TB patients could and, based on the preliminary evidence on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ambulatory MDR-TB treatment [2-6], probably should be treated using ambulatory-based care rather than hospital-based care in several high MDR-TB burden countries.
Several factors contribute to high burden of disease and advanced stage at presentation including poor knowledge about the disease furthermore there is a lack of screening among general population.
Several publications underscore the high burden of disease associated with non-communicable diseases 1 22 and its economic impact in LMIC.
In many areas of the world, including several countries with a high burden of tuberculosis, these extra resources are not available, with the result that intradermal BCG may be given using incorrect techniques and after little or suboptimal training.
3 Several countries with a high burden of tuberculosis, however, are unlikely to meet the millennium development goal targets despite high levels of detection and treatment, leading the World Health Organization to question whether key risk factors for infection must also be addressed.
Of the total of 13 studies, 2 (14%) were done in high TB incidence settings, and 86% in low incidence settings (although several of these studies included immigrants from high burden countries).
Several studies confirm that schizophrenia imposes a high burden on national health-care costs [ 10- 13].
