Sentence examples for several gene trees from inspiring English sources

Surprisingly, the incongruence among several gene trees was high.

Several gene trees were constructed of select gene families, including homeodomains, myosins, toxins, and astacins (Additional file 6; Additional file 7; Additional file 8; Additional file 9).

Long branches were observed for T. polylepis, the lamprologines, individual lamprologine species, different branches within the ectodines in several gene trees, and for the haplochromines in Hivep2b and T. nigrifrons in the Hivep3a gene tree.

The meaning of the term "reconciliation" as most often used in the literature (in the context of a "species tree" and several "gene trees") would be inappropriate here and so we agree the term "species tree" is best avoided.

Various approaches for obtaining a single supertree from several gene trees within the same set of genomes (sometimes referred to as a "species tree" in the literature) have been proposed [ 81- 83].

An example of an algorithm input and output is drawn on Figure 2. The algorithm takes as input a dataset composed by a species tree, several gene trees and a list of adjacencies.

We compare the performance of the MulRF method (available at http://genome.cs.iastate.edu/CBL/MulRF/) with several gene tree parsimony approaches using gene tree simulations that incorporate gene tree error, gene duplications and losses, and/or lateral transfer.

However, several other gene trees in this study showed oomycete genes with green lineage affinity, not red algae (e.g. Additional files 2, 3 & 4).

As for nuclear markers, an aim in future studies should be to develop primers targeting variable regions other than ITS, such as introns, as it is only by constructing and comparing several independent gene trees that one may hope to build a species tree with a reasonable degree of confidence [ 41- 43].

Gene trees of several additional genes would provide more definitive evidence for discriminating between incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization.

To construct a species tree rather than gene trees, several phylogenomic methods were developed (reviewed in [6]).