Sentence examples for several effector molecules from inspiring English sources

Many of these approaches have pinpointed that the Lactobacillus cell envelope contains several effector molecules that are pivotal in the direct signaling capacity of these bacteria that underlies their immunomodulatory effects, including lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, and (glyco proteins.

Through their interaction with G-proteins, several effector molecules are activated leading to many kinds of cellular and physiological responses.

The subunits then activate several effector molecules that lead to many kinds of cellular and physiological responses (1).

In other studies, Cryptosporidium parvum infection activated both CD4+ and CD8+ gamma/delta T cells, and Giardia species stimulated the release of several effector molecules, including defensins, cryptdins, and indolicidin.

Several studies showed that dietary n-3 PUFAs and EPA inhibit the ability of macrophages to secrete several effector molecules that may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (18, 19).

Activation of the MAP kinase family members leads to phosphorylation of several cellular effector molecules, including protein kinases such as MAPKAPK1, MAPKAP-K2/3, Mnk1/2, as well as transcription factors such as c-jun, ATF-2, MEF2c and CHOP, all of which influence the fate of the cell.

BAK1 is a central regulator of plant immunity and, consequently, the target of several pathogen virulence effector molecules.

Individual miRNAs can regulate several hundered transcripts with effector molecules that function at various sites within cellular pathways and networks, making them master regulators of the genome.

Akt is a protein kinase activated by a variety of growth factors [29], [30] that in turn triggers activation of several cancer-relevant downstream effector molecules, resulting in an environment that promotes proliferation and cell survival [31].

This is followed, one to several hours later, by biotinylated effector molecules, often radionuclides.

Indeed, adiponectin induces gene expression and protein synthesis of many pro-inflammatory and pro-destructive molecules in several effector cells that participate in the pathophysiology of RA [ 24- 27].