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The ANN and GP results are compared to values determined from several design codes.
In several design codes and specifications, simplified formulae and diagrams are given for determining the buckling lengths of frame columns.
This alternative, however, requires splicing the reinforcement at a location where rotational demands may induce inelastic behavior, which is deemed inadequate by procedures stated in several design codes, unless proven otherwise.
There are several design codes proposed by the manufacturers associations, as the specifications of Rack Manufacturers Institute (RMI), applied in the USA along with the specification of the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).
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However, the present design of this structural form is both inconvenient and inconsistent as it needs several separated design codes for bare steel (BS), reinforced concrete (RC) and steel-concrete composite (SCC) elements.
The original and most widely accepted version of the APF is valid only for the flexural buckling of compression members yielding the basic formulation of the column buckling curves of several structural design codes.
This paper presents a comparative study on the application of several existing design codes for prediction of the fatigue life of a typical four-member dragline cluster in a BE 1370 boom.
Several probability-based design codes (e.g., load and resistance factor design (LRFD) codes and Eurocode 7) have been developed and implemented around the world recently.
For each of these, the tool uncovered several design pattern instances, coding and naming conventions, refactoring opportunities and important domain concepts.
Finally, the experimental buckling strengths were compared with the buckling strengths predicted by several current aluminium structure design codes, including the American Aluminium Design Manual (AA), Australian/New Zealand Standard 1664 (AS/NZS), and Eurocode 9 (EC9), as well as the general column curve formulation proposed by Rasmussen and Rondal [13].
Nowadays, several rating systems and urban design codes around the world set guidelines for urban design development and particularly in neighbourhood design.
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