There are at least 91 different capsule types of S. pneumoniae, and purified capsules from several types have been used as immunogens in vaccines for protection against invasive pneumococcal diseases.
Also, an immortalized cell line producing monoclonal antibody to PPSV23 was shown to only produce antibodies specific to one capsule type included in the vaccine (capsule type 8), but not the 13 other capsule types tested [ 43].
However, microarray hybridisation profiles differ from other CC9 strains in several key features such as agr allele (agr group I rather than II), capsule type (8 rather than 5), spa type, presence of sasG and alleles of some MSCRAMM genes (bbp, map, vwb).
According to several experimental studies based on the construction of chimeric pneumococcal mutants with a switched capsular type, the capsule type is not the only determinant of pathogenicity [41], [42].
Multiple capsule networks are composed of a coordinator node and several capsules moving along the GI tract.
H. influenzae strains were serotyped by a PCR capsule typing method, detecting the capsule-producing gene - bexA.
For the current study, a capsule type 19 F strain was used for infection because capsule type 19 F is included in the polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine.
Streptococcus pneumoniae produces several types of capsule that provide different levels of protection, and group A streptococci produce proteins such as M protein and fimbrial proteins to block engulfment.
For example, antibodies targeted to several S. aureus surface antigens have demonstrated preclinical efficacy, including polyclonal anti-capsule type 8 and type 5, - polyclonal and monoclonal anti- ClfA, and Fab to an ABC transporter.
Within the Solanaceae family fruit categories range from capsules, drupes, pyrenes, berries, to several other types of non-capsular dehiscent fruits [ 1].
