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Volcanic soils are widely distributed group of soils, which cover significant parts of the world's surface and include areas occupied by urban settlements, structures and infrastructures, and may create geo-engineering problems.
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Dense settlement structures in cities have high demands of energy.
ELAS was developed to analyse urban structures ranging from single houses to whole settlement structures regarding their energy situation and in particular their ecological performance.
Ecological assessment with the Energetic Long-Term Analysis of Settlement Structures (ELAS) calculator provides an evaluation of the ecological impact of the developed energy systems.
On the other hand, ELAS and SPI can deal with interdisciplinary issues of complex settlement structures and a comprehensive ecological evaluation.
Social changes such as decreasing household sizes influence the demand for housing, leading to new settlement structures and shifts in traffic.
This paper introduces the concepts, methods and the implementation of a calculator for the energetic long term analysis of residential settlement structures (ELAS).
The analysis of settlement structures of the scenarios helped to find out the impact level for each energy system option from an ecological point of view.
Considering suburbanisation as a global phenomenon, we develop a monitoring approach, which allows for a quantitative and qualitative assessment within suburban settlement structures.
Therefore, monitoring approaches with a regional perspective become more and more relevant, as polycentric, suburban settlement structures constitute the spatial but also institutional context of urban containment policies.
By more dense settlement structures like four- to five-floor apartment buildings, the share of infrastructures can be reduced to about 10%to15%5% accounting for less than 50% of the life cycle CO2 emissions and 40% of the ecological footprint.
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