The set time constraints (though also stressful!) help with this.
Generally, isotopic compositions could be used to set time constraints on processes and manufacturing of objects (e.g. the 14C technique).
Further, the importance of the mosquito survival rate is also critical given as it sets time constraints on the EIP.
We evaluated cichlid divergence times more directly by using longer mitogenomic sequence data and dozens of non-cichlid taxa, allowing us to set many time constraints purely from the paleontological data and providing additional evidence for an ancient cichlid divergence on Gondwanaland, despite the general paucity of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleontological record on bony fishes.
We set different time constraints for the basal nodes of the subfamilies Liotelphusinae and Parathelphusinae (where Indian and Southeast Asian species separate) and tested several hypotheses against each other: an Oligocene (25 Ma), Late Eocene (35 Ma) and Middle Eocene (45 Ma) age of the liotelphusine and parathelphusine MRCA.
Furthermore, the optimum test-retest reliability for our protocol was assumed to be obtained at 20s trial durations [ 32], and we wanted a test that is feasible to be implemented in a clinical setting where time constraints play an important role.
In word recognition, normal reading speed of four to five words per second sets tight time constraints for stimulus processing.
Despite the relative paucity of fish fossil records, this set of time constraints allowed us to estimate cichlid divergence times with high enough resolution to discriminate between the two alternative hypotheses.
For other clades within the Otocephala, Santini et al. [ 96] also set relatively narrow time constraints: Ostariophysi (125-149 Ma), Characiformes (68-100 Mand and Siluriformes (73-83.5 Ma).
Following the advice of Benton and Donoghue [ 2] to set fossil-based time constraints as hard lower boundaries and soft upper boundaries, we chose older values for upper boundaries.
This method was adapted for the classroom setting and the time constraints of the school schedule.
