It's quite possible that such prenatal programming, which may involve epigenetic factors, can also be brought into play by maternal overnutrition, setting unborn offspring on trajectories of accelerated development.
Although it may be in the best interest of the mother to maximize seed set, offspring of diverse phenotypes can engage in fratricide to improve their own dispersal or increase seed size (Shaanker et al. 1988), often at cost to maternal fitness.
For this scenario, the 805 phenotyped cows without genotypes that had no offspring in the real pedigree were selected as the testing set (no offspring scenario: Off0).
LeapFrog, a purveyor of tablets and other education tech designed specifically for kids, has leapt into the wearables space — with a gamified fitness-focused wearable, also for kids, which lets parents set their offspring fitness challenges to keep them active.
The testing set included offspring from sires with records in the training set.
Apparently too many parents were creating "illegal" fake profiles for their yet unhatched offspring — setting their fake babies' ages to 13 instead of negative whatever, the minimum Facebook allows.
However, me69 mutant hermaphrodites produced a normal number of offspring, setting the me69 phenotype apart from those of previously identified spe mutants, most of which were isolated based on the reduction of hermaphrodite fertility but usually affect sperm production in males as well (Nishimura and L'Hernault, 2010).
SCION is the wild child of the reserved, respectable Toyota family -- the tattooed, body-pierced, trend-setting offspring with a homework assignment: bring some fresh faces into the showrooms.
Therefore, when those hatchery fish reproduce in a natural setting, their offspring could have substantially lower fitness (Biro et al. 2004; Sundstrom et al. 2005).
At home, the kindly Ghazi is seen cuddling his offspring, thus setting up a symmetry with Fleury, who at the beginning of the film, back in Washington, soothes his young son.
The study's findings show for the first time in humans that the diet a mother consumes in late pregnancy can alter the stress response of her offspring, possibly setting the stage for greater susceptibility to cardiovascular problems and other forms of stress-related disease into adulthood.
