Although gene set testing methods have been widely applied in supervised settings to analyze the association between gene sets and clinical phenotypes, such variable group testing methods have seen little application in unsupervised contexts to test the association between gene sets and the spectra of genomic data.
The industry took steps to address the issue and jointly set testing procedures to avoid the problem in side air bags.
There is no central racing commissioner's office, and as a result there is no way to set testing standards for drugs, or to effectively penalize doping; state racing commissions make their own rules, and often doping goes unpunished.
Kelly Donnelly, a spokeswoman for the Connecticut Education Department, said that in that state, local districts set testing policy, but that she knew of none that performed random testing.
Data distribution of training set, testing set and external validation set.
Biomechanical engineers also set testing and safety standards for equipment such as hockey helmets, crash pads, and running shoes.
As the same with training data set, testing data set is also needed to be normalized and de-noised.
(b) Plot of measured strength against stepwise regression model, where the black, magenta and red points correspond to the training set, testing set and predicted values, respectively.
For example, when set EC50 ≤ 1 as positive data and EC50 > 1 as negative data, the ratio (positive/negative) of training set, testing set and external validation set were all close to 1 (Additional file 5: Table S4).
Then our approach to gene set testing is described.
In focused gene set testing, each set is evaluated on its own terms.
