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The drag varies with the two gap ratios; it has the minimum value at a certain set of gap ratios for each Reynolds number.
A set of gap equations was derived by symmetrizing the self energy, Σ ( i ω n ) ≈ iℏ ω n ( 1 − Z n A ) + Δ ̄ n A 0 0 iℏ ω n ( 1 − Z n B ) − Δ ̄ n B. The local approximation used here is a good starting point because the modulated potential Δ is large, and electrons are well localized.
We found that this limited set of gap insertion effectively helps to capture composite motifs with multiple functional elements.
It is therefore possible that the performance of PSI-BLAST with a better set of gap opening and extension penalties would more closely match the performance of HMMs.
Once task performance was consistently >90% correct, the tested set of gap lengths was expanded to include 3, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 270 ms (by association, the corresponding noise bursts for each gap length were 413.6, 412, 410, 400, 376, 336, and 200 ms, respectively).
Thus, if we name the set of reactions in which a metabolite ί participate as: (6) σ i = j ε J : N ij ≠ 0 ∀ i ε I then, the set of gap metabolites I Gap ⊆ I can be defined as follows: (7) i ∈ I Gap ⇔ σ i ⊆ J Blocked Hence, the detection of gap metabolites can be accomplished by finding the set J Blocked and applying equations (6) and (7) for each metabolite.
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The Hofstadter butterfly is a quantum fractal with a highly complex nested set of gaps, where each gap represents a quantum Hall state whose quantized conductivity is characterized by topological invariants known as the Chern numbers.
They developed a multi-item conceptual model of service quality based on a set of gaps so that the fifth gap (the gap between expected service and perceived service) is a function of the gaps related to the service provider side.
It turned out that at least for one scoring matrix and one set of gap-cost parameters, the distribution deviates from the Gumbel form in the biologically relevant rare-event tail, where simple sampling methods fail.
The set of network gaps was compared to the set of gaps in the original model to determine if any gaps were eliminated.
The outcome of this evaluation highlights a set of gaps as they relate to the coverage and applicability of current methods for sociotechnical systems thinking and safety.
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