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We analyzed this new data set for substitution saturation using the tests developed by Xia et al. (2003) and Steel et al. (1993).
Most of the introns were also amplified in two additional soricid species (Sorex coronatus and Crocidura russula) to complete the mammalian data set for substitution rate estimation.
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The first data set for substitutions at position 113 (G113R, G113S, G113S) indicated that a Gly residue at this bend in the TM3 helix could be necessary for the protein to transform into the desensitized conformation and that replacing it with a large polar amino acid blocked the required helix movement to enter that state.
DNA sequences were partitioned with separate substitution models set for the exons of ndhF and rpb2 (SRD06 model) and for the noncoding regions (introns and spacers combined) of each locus (cpDNA and rpb2/nDNA).
Parameters were set for the general model of DNA substitution [general time reversible (GTR); nst = 6] with different rate variations (as determine by hLRT and AIC), and otherwise flat priors.
The substitution models were set for the gene loci as specified in the original phylogenetic analyses, and the Lewis Mk model was used for the morphological partitions.
Searching the training set for examples containing a nitro-benzene with a ortho substitution to the nitro substitution reveals 18 examples.
Example -- my greatest regret about DSM-IV was our inadvertent substitution of an 'or' for an 'and' in the criteria set for Paraphilia.
This tree and the WAG matrix were used as a fixed topology and as initial set of substitution rates, respectively, for GTR matrix optimization in the "codeml" program of the PAML 4.3 package (Yang 2007).
The aim of the present study was to characterise correlations between this novel test set, called the Test for Substitution Patterns (TSP) and commonly used tests of knee function.
The mutagenic primer sets employed for substitutions of the codons in recB and recD genes are enlisted in Supporting Information S1.
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