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SES i included: sex, age (continuous), educational attainment (high school and above, others), marital status (single, live with spouse or partner, widow er)/divorced/separated), employment (unemployed, stable jobs, unstable jobs), religion (Buddhism and others), income per capita (five quintiles).
Our model took the following form: y ij = α + β SES i + U j + V ij, [1] where i indicates the individual, j the census tract, U j is the spatial random effect at the census tract level, V ij is the nonspatial random effect for individuals within census tracts, and y ij is the concentration of PM2.5 or NOx estimated at the baseline home address of individual i in census tract j.
The 95% CIs were estimated from Wald robust SEs (i.e., using the empirical [information sandwich] variance estimates).
In order to further determine the presence of differences on the basis of gender and SES, I introduced students' attitudes toward reading into the model.
Moreover, in order to control for plausible differences in attitude between boys and girls and students with different SES, I related gender and SES to attitude as independent variables.
The median income represented by SES (I = 0.10, p < 0.0001) for the study area was generally higher on the east side of the study area and lowest to the north.
Similar(53)
This sub-ontology addresses measurement per se, i.e., collecting and storing data for the measures.
The main division is between per se predicaments and those not per se, i.e., between substance and accidents.
SE(i) itself is defined by the equation SE(i) = S i)/(N i))1/2, where S i) is the standard deviation of the ith cluster and N i) is the number of stress observations contributing to S i).
Since the function of ln is monotonically increasing when u i −ui,0≥0, ∀i, thus, the optimization problem in Equation 14 is equivalent to arg max P 1, ⋯ P N ∑ i = 1 N β i ln θ i P 0 γ sd i − γ se i 1 + P i γ je 1 + P 0 γ se i 1 + P i γ je + 1 − θ i P 0 γ sd i − P 0 γ sd i − γ se i 1 + P 0 γ se i. s.t.
Then, we denote the disagreement point as u0= u1,0u2,0⋯uN,0), which is defined as u i, 0 ≜ Γ i, 0 = P 0 γ sd i − γ se i 1 + P s γ se i. (8).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com