serving as vectors for O. novo-ulmi may tend toward an acidic pH.
CHIKV has the same urban epidemic transmission ecology as dengue virus, with Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus serving as vectors (6 ).
In addition to serving as vectors for lateral gene transfer, IS elements can generate other types of genome modification, including rearrangements, inversions and deletions, any of which can increase the instability of the bacterial genome.
There is increasing interest in the role of endophytes in phytoremediation application as they can serve as vector delivering biodegradative capacities inside the plant [3].
A pBABEpuro-βGalactosidase construct expressing β-Galactosidase served as vector control.
The pGL3 luciferase backbone vector (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) served as vector control.
Group IV (potential probiotic E. coli 16 (pUC- gfp) with CCl4) served as vector control and the same procedure was followed as that of Group III.
In the case of L. (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae, GP63 expansions could be related to interactions with a different genus that serves as vector (Sergentomya) and the lizard host.
The most abundant European tick species Ixodes ricinus serves as vector for the potentially pathogenic Rickettsia species R. helvetica and R. monacensis[ 4- 7].
Thus, ESCREC may pose a threat both because of their direct potential for causing drug-resistant infections and because they can serve as vector of resistance elements for transmission to other pathogens or opportunistic microorganisms.
