Instead of serving as objective gatekeepers who can screen out potentially harmful or ineffective new devices or drugs, some medical experts say, clinical researchers with conflicts may have incentives to overstate the value of a new product for patients.
With this proposed inclusion of trans-national diffusion dynamics, it is then possible to revisit or propose a number of perspectives that should serve as objectives of upcoming research endeavours.
The main challenges in defining and assessing hydrological alterations are: how to define a reference state (referencing); how to define criteria upon which to build mathematical indicators of alteration (measuring); and finally how to aggregate the indicators in a single evaluation index (valuing) that can serve as objective function in the optimization problem.
Considering the process parameters, the characteristic numbers involving heat transfer characteristic, resistance characteristic and overall heat transfer performance calculated by CFD, and are served as objective functions to the RSM (Nuc, fc, Nuc/Nus, fc/fs and η in this paper).
The hA1 receptor pharmacophore served as objective for the evolution, while the three other pharmacophores served as negative objective in order to obtain selectivity.
Their real potential is to serve as objective law - as the general part of transnational contract law.
We derive a formula for the mean-squared sample error in the case of wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) channels, which serves as objective function in the window optimization.
Gold coins and widely-exchangeable claims convertible into gold at a fixed weight (i.e., currency, checks, cards, etc). have served as objective money and a reliable measuring standard at least since 3000 B.C., and in the modern era (since 1700) they were crucial to a vast expansion of commerce, revolutionary growth of industrialization, and the ultimate triumph of free-market capitalism.
The deteriorating performance on the rocking rotarod and the progressive loss of Purkinje cells seen in the MPS IIIB mouse represent reasonable parallels with the human disease and will serve as objective measures when evaluating therapeutic interventions.
Biomarkers serve as objective molecular indicators of pathological processes such as the development of joint destruction.
