Ubiquitin is a small 8.5 kDa peptide that can either target the conjugated protein to proteasomal degradation or serve as a modifier for protein function [ 81, 82].
Building on this structured representation, a query can now add restrictions on the reaction network, e.g. formulating the following two conditions: (1) the species should only serve as a modifier in any of the model's reactions and (2) only the topmost species per model should be considered.
Heritable factors account for an estimated 60 80% of the variability in PBM, with diet, physical activity and hormonal status serving as important modifiers of bone accrual.
For example, PLD3 is identified as one of irradiation-responsive genes in human lymphoblastoid cells, serving as a genetic modifier for breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 [ 30], suggesting a role of PLD3 in DNA damage response.
With its ability to synthesize, degrade, and modify compounds in the gut, the human microbiota may be serving as a modulator and modifier of environmental inputs like acrylamide affecting how these inputs interact with the genome.
This may lead to activation of the nociceptive afferents causing alteration in the diameter of intracranial vessels, serving as a trigger or modifier in the trigeminovascular system [2].
These results suggest that the Ob-R gene may serve as a novel modifier gene for hypercholesterolemia in Japanese men.
In conclusion, the current study confirms that TM6SF2 is associated with histologically defined NAFLD, and is the first demonstration that this gene serves as a powerful modifier of hepatic fibrogenesis.
This strategy suggests for the first time that an oxysalt can serve as a shape modifier, and can control the morphologies of NPs more precisely because of its moderate adsorption on them.
This can serve as a network modifier, at least if the Al2O3 content is lower than 20.5 mol% (the composition of SA2).
We recently showed that PDZD7 serves as a genetic modifier and an additional scaffold for Usher proteins (Ebermann et al., 2010).
