Cost sharing for a service could affect the utilization of the service itself (own-price effect) as well as reduce the utilization of complementary services or increase that of substitute services (cross-price effect).
On the one hand, with full knowledge of P2P file sharing system and offline downloading service, the infrastructure of complementary caching is designed to conveniently be deployed and work together with existing platforms.
But now, computing is everywhere — people hold the world's information in their pockets and expect a suite of complementary services to help them access and manage their work, life, and entertainment while on the go.
Some of the reasons that have been offered to explain the pro-rich inequity in access to specialist services are the existence of complementary private health insurance companies and direct payments for health services [ 7, 10, 13].
"Yammer adds a best-in-class enterprise social networking service to Microsoft's growing portfolio of complementary cloud services".
At the time, Ballmer said something very similar to what Nadella is saying now: "Yammer adds a best-in-class enterprise social networking service to Microsoft's growing portfolio of complementary cloud services".
Does a segment of your clients use a very similar set of complementary services?
If many of your customers depend on a set of complementary services, and sometimes have trouble accessing them, you might consider integrating them into your offering.
One of the important trends in this area is apps working better together, whether through partnerships between them – pretty much every fitness-tracking app works with a range of complementary services – or by features in the smartphone software from Apple and Google making it easier to move tasks and content between different apps on your device.
Over the years, the startup has rounded out its expanding fitness platform with a bevy of complementary services like route planning, nutrition tracking, fitness calculators, event planning and by integrating with over 400 trackers, devices and wearables.
Table 2 Factors grouped by type 1st level 2nd level PRICE Fuel price PROP_F Fuel quality COST_OTH Port tariffs Prices of complementary services for fuel supply at berth (pilotage, mooring, etc).
